Expression pattern of three-finger toxin and phospholipase A2 genes in the venom glands of two sea snakes, Lapemis curtus and Acalyptophis peronii : comparison of evolution of these toxins in land snakes, sea kraits and sea snakes |
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| Authors: | Susanta Pahari David Bickford Bryan G Fry and R Manjunatha Kini |
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| Institution: | (1) Protein Science and Conservation Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore;(2) Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia;(3) Deparment of Biochemistry, Medical college of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0614, USA;(4) Center for Post Graduate Studies, Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College, 18/3, 9th Main, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bangalore, India |
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| Abstract: | Background Snake venom composition varies widely both among closely related species and within the same species, based on ecological
variables. In terrestrial snakes, such variation has been proposed to be due to snakes' diet. Land snakes target various prey
species including insects (arthropods), lizards (reptiles), frogs and toads (amphibians), birds (aves), and rodents (mammals),
whereas sea snakes target a single vertebrate class (fishes) and often specialize on specific types of fish. It is therefore
interesting to examine the evolution of toxins in sea snake venoms compared to that of land snakes. |
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