How can ontogeny help us to understand the morphology of anuran pectoral girdle? |
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Authors: | Pavla Robovská-Havelková |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Brani?ovská 31, CZ-370 05, ?eské Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Abstract: | The ontogenetic development of the pectoral girdle in seven anuran species (Xenopus laevis, Discoglossus pictus, Bombina bombina, Bombina variegata, Pelobates fuscus, Bufo bufo and Rana dalmatina) was studied using cleared and stained specimens. The epicoracoid cartilage was found to develop in two different ways resulting
in an arciferal or firmisternal type of the pectoral girdle. In the arciferal one, the epicoracoid originates from a medial
prolongation of the procoracoid cartilage and broadly overlaps its counter part during further development. In the firmisternal
pectoral girdle, the epicoracoids are formed by the widened cartilaginous medial edges of the coracoids that fuse together
along the midline. Polarization of ontogenetic characters shows, that omosternum evolves inside Anura, and the type of sternum
occurring in basal Anura seems to be an apomorphy of all Batrachia. The sternal elements have a single or paired rudiment,
their development is connected with M. rectus abdominis or a zonal area and they remain cartilaginous or ossify during postmetamorphic development. An occurrence of omosternum in
Barbourula
busuangensis was described for the first time. |
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