黑龙江兴凯湖沼泽地苔藓植物群落初步研究

2009年夏在黑龙江兴凯湖沼泽地中随机选取47个1m×1m样方,进行苔藓植物及相应维管植物群落调查,并测量记录环境因子,以分析苔藓植物多样性,探讨影响苔藓植物生长与分布的主要环境因子。结果表明：所调查的沼泽地中共有苔藓植物5科、6属、7种,其中粗叶泥碳藓（Sphagnumsquarrosum）和中位泥碳藓（S.magellanicum）为优势种。CCA分析结果显示,粗叶泥炭藓和中位泥炭藓多分布于水位埋深大的生境中,且前者常出现于以细叶苔草（Carexrigescens）为主的群落中,而后者则主要出现于以芦苇（Phragmitesaustralis）-小叶章（Deyeuxiaangustifolia）为主的群落中;中位泥炭藓能生长于沼泽地pH4·4~6·5的所有生境中,粗叶泥碳藓则局限生长于pH5·3左右的生境中,而大湿原藓（Calliergonellacuspidata）、万年藓（Climaciumdendroides）、地钱（Marchantiapolymorpha）和镰刀藓（Drepanocladusaduncus）等4种苔藓植物生长于水体pH值为6·3左右的生境中。研究认为,沼泽地的水位埋深、水pH值和维管植物群落特征是影响这7种苔藓植物生长和分布的主要因子。

Preliminary Research on Bryophyte Communities in Xingkai Lake Marshland,Heilongjiang Province,China

Xingkai Lake in Heilongjiang Province is located in the temperate zone,and whose marshland is one of the most important wetlands in China.In this study,47 quadrats of 1 m×1 m were randomly sampled from the edge to the center of the marshland in the summer of 2009,and bryophyte presence,vascular plants communities,and related environmental factors were investigated.We analyzed species diversity of bryophytes and their distribution in relation to environmental factors.The results showed there were seven species belonging to five families and six genera,and the dominant species were Sphagnum squarrosum and S.magellanicum.Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis（CCA）,the relationship between bryophytes and environmental factors showed S.squarrosum and S.magellanicum mostly lived relatively deep in water table,meanwhile S.squarrosum was normally found in the Carex rigescens community and S.magellanicum in the Phragmites australis-Deyeuxia angustifolia community.S.magellanicum was found in all research areas with a water pH of 4.4-6.5,but S.squarrosum was only found in marshland of about pH 5.3.Calliergonella cuspidata,Climacium dendroide,Marchantia polymorpha and Drepanocladus aduncus grew in the water with pH 6.3.We considered that the key environmental factors that influenced bryophytes growth and distribution were depth of water table,the nature of vascular plant community and water pH.