Potential interactions between invasive woody shrubs and the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), an invasive insect herbivore |
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Authors: | Ryan W McEwan Lynne K Rieske Mary A Arthur |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Forestry, University of Kentucky, 214 T.P. Cooper, Lexington, KY 40546, USA;(2) Department of Biology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA;(3) Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S 225 Ag. North, Lexington, KY 40546, USA |
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Abstract: | As the range of the invasive and highly polyphagous gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) expands, it increasingly overlaps with forest areas that have been subject to invasion by non-native shrubs. We explored
the potential for interactions between these co-occurring invasions through a gypsy moth feeding trial using the following
three highly invasive, exotic shrubs: honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii), privet (Ligustrum sinense) and burning bush (Euonymus alatus). We compared these with two native shrubs: spicebush (Lindera benzoin) and pawpaw (Asimina triloba). We fed gypsy moth caterpillars foliage exclusively from one of the five shrubs and measured their relative consumptive
rate (RCR), relative growth rate (RGR), and development time (DT). The RCR of gypsy moth was strongly influenced by the species
of foliage (F = 31.9; P < 0.0001) with little or no consumption of honeysuckle and privet. Caterpillar RGR was influenced by the shrub species (F = 66.2; P < 0.0001), and those caterpillars fed spicebush, honeysuckle or privet lost weight over the course of the assay. Caterpillar
DT was also significantly (F = 11.79, P < 0.0001) influenced by the shrub species and those fed honeysuckle, privet and spicebush died prior to molting. Overall,
our data suggest that honeysuckle, privet, and spicebush could benefit (indirectly) from the invasion of gypsy moth, while
burning bush and pawpaw could be negatively impacted due to direct effects (herbivory). Similarly, invading gypsy moth populations
could be sustained on a shrub layer of burning bush and pawpaw in the event of canopy defoliation. Further field and laboratory
analysis is needed to clarify herbivore resistance of invasive shrubs, and to investigate the potential interactions among
co-occurring insect and plant invasions. |
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Keywords: | Forest understory Euonymus alatus Lonicera maackii Lindera benzoin Asimina triloba |
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