Increased expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90 mRNA as biomarkers of thermal stress in loggerhead turtle embryos (Caretta Caretta) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;2. Oceans Institute (M470), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;3. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, PMB 5, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia;4. Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW), Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA, 6983, Australia;5. Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) (M096), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;1. Sugarcane Breeding Institute (ICAR), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Indian Grass and Fodder Research Institute Regional Station, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India;3. Department of Rice, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India;1. Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique et Évolution, Université Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France;2. Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional “Campus Mare Nostrum”. Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain;1. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, S.S. dell’Abetone e del Brennero 4, 56123 Pisa, Italy;2. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M.Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Roma, Italy;3. ARPAT, Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale Toscana, Via Marrani 114, 57126 Livorno, Italy;4. Università degli Studi di Teramo, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Località Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The survival and viability of sea turtle embryos is dependent upon favourable nest temperatures throughout the incubation period. Consequently, future generations of sea turtles may be at risk from increasing nest temperatures due to climate change, but little is known about how embryos respond to heat stress. Heat shock genes are likely to be important in this process because they code for proteins that prevent cellular damage in response to environmental stressors. This study provides the first evidence of an expression response in the heat shock genes of embryos of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) exposed to realistic and near-lethal temperatures (34 °C and 36 °C) for 1 or 3 hours. We investigated changes in Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), Hsp70, and Hsp90 mRNA in heart (n=24) and brain tissue (n=29) in response to heat stress. Under the most extreme treatment (36 °C, 3 h), Hsp70 increased mRNA expression by a factor of 38.8 in heart tissue and 15.7 in brain tissue, while Hsp90 mRNA expression increased by a factor of 98.3 in heart tissue and 14.7 in brain tissue. Hence, both Hsp70 and Hsp90 are useful biomarkers for assessing heat stress in the late-stage embryos of sea turtles. The method we developed can be used as a platform for future studies on variation in the thermotolerance response from the clutch to population scale, and can help us anticipate the resilience of reptile embryos to extreme heating events. |
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| Keywords: | Sea turtles Heat stress Climate change Biomarkers Gene expression |
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