High follicle density does not decrease sweat gland density in Huacaya alpacas |
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| Institution: | 1. UWA Institute of Agriculture (Animal Production), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia;2. School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology (M311), Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia;1. Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan;2. Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA;3. The Skin Sciences Institute, Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA;1. Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;2. Department of Animal Production, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenue Puerta de Hierro s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;3. Fundo Pacomarca, Inca Tops S.A., PO Box 94, Av. Parra 324, Arequipa, Peru;1. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA;2. Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA;3. K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA;4. Office of Information Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA;1. Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú;2. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú;1. Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 42310, USA;2. Department of Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;1. College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China;2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China |
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| Abstract: | When exposed to high ambient temperatures, mammals lose heat evaporatively by either sweating from glands in the skin or by respiratory panting. Like other camelids, alpacas are thought to evaporate more water by sweating than panting, despite a thick fleece, unlike sheep which mostly pant in response to heat stress. Alpacas were brought to Australia to develop an alternative fibre industry to sheep wool. In Australia, alpacas can be exposed to ambient temperatures higher than in their native South America. As a young industry there is a great deal of variation in the quality and quantity of the fleece produced in the national flock. There is selection pressure towards animals with finer and denser fleeces. Because the fibre from secondary follicles is finer than that from primary follicles, selecting for finer fibres might alter the ratio of primary and secondary follicles. In turn the selection might alter sweat gland density because the sweat glands are associated with the primary follicle. Skin biopsy and fibre samples were obtained from the mid-section of 33 Huacaya alpacas and the skin sections were processed into horizontal sections at the sebaceous gland level. Total, primary, and secondary follicles and the number of sweat gland ducts were quantified. Fibre samples from each alpaca were further analysed for mean fibre diameter. The finer-fibred animals had a higher total follicle density (P<0.001) and more sweat glands (P<0.001) than the thicker-fibred animals. The fibre diameter and total follicle density were negatively correlated (R2=0.56, P<0.001). Given that the finer-fibred animals had higher follicle density and more sweat glands than animals with thicker fibres, we conclude that alpacas with high follicle density should not be limited for potential sweating ability. |
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| Keywords: | Fibre SP ratio Alpaca Thermoregulation |
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