Development of respiratory trees in the holothurian <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis> (Aspidochirotida: Holothuroidea) |
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Authors: | Igor Yu Dolmatov Lidia T Frolova Ekaterina A Zakharova Talia T Ginanova |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Comparative Cytology, A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS, Palchevsky 17, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia;(2) Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia;(3) Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University, Vladivostok, Russia |
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Abstract: | The development of respiratory trees in the holothurian Apostichopus japonicus has been studied using light and electron microscopy. Primordial respiratory trees emerge in 2–3-mm-long animals (2 months
after fertilization). They arise as two independent outgrowths from the dorsal wall of the anterior part of the cloaca. Upon
first emerging and throughout the course of development, the left respiratory tree is longer than the right one. A common
base develops in 4-mm-long animals (2–3 months after fertilization). In yearlings, the left respiratory tree grows into gaps
between the loops of the intestinal tube interlaced with intestinal hemal vessels. The developing coelomic and luminal epithelia
have ultrastructural peculiarities. The luminal epithelium of respiratory trees has been shown for the first time to comprise
nerve cells and their processes. Characteristic structural features of the epithelia are shown to begin developing as early
as in 4-mm-long animals (2–3 months after fertilization). In yearlings, the respiratory trees demonstrate definitive structural
patterns and are entirely functional. |
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