Vanished Gender Differences of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors After Matching the Apnea Hypopnea Index at Postmenopausal Age |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY;2. College of Nursing and Health Innovation, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ;3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;4. Center for Minority Health & Health Disparities Research and Education, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA;1. Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China;2. Department of Cardiology, Pingliang First People’s Hospital, Pingliang, 744000, China;3. Department of Nephrology, the 306th Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Beijing 100101, China;4. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China;1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Jordan University Hospital;1. Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California;1. Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, MI, USA;2. Stroke Program, University of Michigan Health System, MI, USA;3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, MI, USA;4. Michael S Aldrich Sleep Disorders Laboratory, University of Michigan Health System, MI, USA;5. Local Corpus Christi physician, TX, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundSleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and cardiometabolic risk factors are male prevalent.ObjectiveThis study investigated whether gender differences remained prominent after matching for the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and postmenopause.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of 350 eligible SDB patients, female patients were matched with male patients of the same age and body mass index (BMI) (age-BMI-matched nAHImt]; n = 102 pairs) or were matched with male patients of the same age, BMI, and AHI (age-BMI-AHI-matched AHImt]; n = 66 pairs). The nAHImt or AHImt patients were further separated into junior and senior subgroups.ResultsIn the nAHImt/junior group, women had shorter neck circumferences, better sleep architecture, and lower AHI, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score, blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and uric acid (UA) than nAHImt/junior men. In the AHImt/junior group, women had shorter neck circumferences, lower waist/hip ratios, ESS, BP, TG, and UA than AHImt junior men. In the nAHImt/senior group, women had lower AHI, neck circumferences, waist/hip ratios, diastolic BP, and UA than men. In contrast, in the AHImt/senior group, most cardiometabolic parameters were similar between women and men. After further matching for the AHI, many elements of gender differences disappeared.ConclusionsCompared with AHImt men, women had lower UA, TG, BP, and daytime sleepiness before menopause, but gender differences became indistinguishable postmenopause. We suggested that matching sleep quality or adjusting AHI would be noteworthy and required for studying gender differences. |
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