Characterization of Metarhizium species and varieties based on molecular analysis, heat tolerance and cold activity |
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Authors: | É .K.K. Fernandes,C.A. Keyser,J.P. Chong,D.E.N. Rangel,M.P. Miller, D.W. Roberts |
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Affiliation: | Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA |
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Abstract: | Aims: The genetic relationships and conidial tolerances to high and low temperatures were determined for isolates of several Metarhizium species and varieties. Methods and Results: Molecular-based techniques [AFLP and rDNA (ITS1, ITS2 and 5·8S) gene sequencing] were used to characterize morphologically identified Metarhizium spp. isolates from a wide range of sources. Conidial suspensions of isolates were exposed to wet heat (45 ± 0·2°C) and plated on potato dextrose agar plus yeast extract (PDAY) medium. After 8-h exposure, the isolates divided clearly into two groups: (i) all isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae ( Ma-an ) and Metarhizium from the flavoviride complex ( Mf ) had virtually zero conidial relative germination (RG), (ii) Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum ( Ma-ac ) isolates demonstrated high heat tolerance ( c . 70–100% RG). Conidial suspensions also were plated on PDAY and incubated at 5°C for 15 days, during which time RGs for Ma-an and Ma-ac isolates were virtually zero, whereas the two Mf were highly cold active (100% RG). Conclusions: Heat and cold exposures can be used as rapid tools to tentatively identify some important Metarhizium species and varieties. Significance and Impact of the Study: Identification of Metarhizium spp. currently relies primarily on DNA-based methods; we suggest a simple temperature-based screen to quickly obtain tentative identification of isolates as to species or species complexes. |
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Keywords: | cold activity Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae Metarhizium frigidum thermotolerance |
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