In vitro induction of a trisomic of Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul (Agavaceae) by para-fluorophenylalanine treatment |
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Authors: | Domingo Ruvalcaba-Ruíz Guadalupe Palomino Javier Martínez Ignacio Méndez Benjamín Rodríguez-Garay |
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Affiliation: | (1) Laboratorio de Biotecnolog?a Vegetal, Centro Universitario de la Ci?nega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, 47820 Ocotl?n, Jalisco, Mexico;(2) Instituto de Biolog?a, Jard?n Bot?nico, Universidad Nacional Aut?noma de M?xico, 04510 M?xico DF, Mexico;(3) Instituto de Matem?ticas Aplicadas y Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Aut?noma de M?xico, 01000 M?xico DF, Mexico;(4) Unidad de Biotecnolog?a Vegetal, Centro de Investigaci?n y Asistencia en Tecnolog?a y Dise?o del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Av. Normalistas No. 800, 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; |
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Abstract: | The effect of para-fluorophenylalanine (PFP) on the production of trisomic plants of Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul produced through somatic embryogenesis was investigated. Normal diploid plants with 2n = 2x = 60 were obtained in the control treatment and with 4 mg L−1 PFP exposure, while use of 8 and 12 mg L−1 PFP led to production of trisomics with 2n = 2x = 61. Normal diploid plants showed a bimodal karyotype with five pairs of large chromosomes and 25 pairs of small chromosomes. Trisomic plants also had a bimodal karyotype with a group of three chromosomes in position five of the chromosome set. More than 13 homologous chromosome pairs exhibited structural changes. Differences in chromosome arm ratio (long arm/short arm) were also found in eight chromosome pairs; all these aberrations in the chromosome complement of trisomic plants were probably caused by inversions, deletions, and/or duplications produced by high concentrations of PFP. The gross chromosome structural changes and the presence of a single extra chromosome could have been induced by the effect of PFP on the mitotic spindle by inducing nondisjunction of sister chromatids, resulting in hyperploids (2n + x) and hypoploids (2n − x). Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content was performed using nuclei isolated from young leaves of normal and trisomic plants. The 2C DNA content of 8.635 pg (1Cx = 4,223 Mbp of trisomic plants was different (p < 0.001) than that of normal plants (2C DNA = 8.389 pg (1Cx = 4,102 Mbp). The difference in genome size was correlated with the large structural changes in the trisomic plant genomes. |
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