G protein-coupled receptor-induced Akt activity in cellular proliferation and apoptosis |
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Authors: | New David C Wu Kelvin Kwok Alice W S Wong Yung H |
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Institution: | Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. |
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Abstract: | Akt (also known as protein kinase B) plays an integral role in many intracellular signaling pathways activated by a diverse array of extracellular signals that target several different classes of membrane-bound receptors. Akt plays a particularly prominent part in signaling networks that result in the modulation of cellular proliferation, apoptosis and survival. Thus, the overexpression of Akt subtypes has been measured in a number of cancer types, and dominant-negative forms of Akt can trigger apoptosis and reduce the survival of cancer cells. G protein-coupled receptors act as cell-surface detectors for a diverse spectrum of biological signals and are able to activate or inhibit Akt via several direct and indirect means. In this review, we shall document how G protein-coupled receptors are able to control Akt activity and examine the resulting biochemical and physiological changes, with particular emphasis on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and survival. |
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