秦岭地区五味子属植物野生资源调查

通过查阅标本、文献,走访和实地考察等多种方式,对陕西省6市20县26乡镇五味子属野生植物资源现状及分布进行调查。结果表明,秦岭地区有6种五味子属植物,华中五味子(Schisandra sphenanthera)、红花五味子(Schisandra rubriflora)、大花五味子(Schisandra grandiflora)、铁箍散(Schisandra propinqua var.sinensis)、金山五味子(Schisandra glaucescens)和狭叶五味子(Schisandra lancifolia),分布于海拔500~2800 m之间,华中五味子数量多且分布广,大花五味子相对稀少。根据调研确定不同地区各种五味子的花期和果期,并制定分种检索表,补充了秦岭地区五味子属植物的分布状况。调查显示,分布区内五味子属野生植物资源遭到不同程度破坏,特别是稀少种亟待保护。本研究为道地药材的合理采收和可持续利用、加强对稀少物种的保护提出了建议。

Investigation of wild plant resources of Schisandra in Qinling Mountains

In this study, we conducted a survey regarding the current situation and distribution of wild resources of Schizandra plants within 26 towns, 20 counties, and 6 cities in Shaanxi province, in which multiple approaches including specimen and literature review, interview, and field investigation were used. The result showed that six kinds of Schisandra were found along areas of altitudes ranging from 500 to 2 800 m in Qinling Mountains, these contained Schisandra sphenanthera, Schisandra rubriflora, Schisandra grandiflora, Schisandra propinqua var. sinensis, Schisandra glaucescens and Schisandra lancifolia. Moreover, S. sphenanthera grew widely and abundantly, and S. grandiflora was relatively scarce in the survey area. According to the investigation, the florescence and fruit period of Schisandra in different areas were determined, thereby relative key to species were established. Together, these complemented the distribution situation of Schisandra plants in Qinling Mountains. Through the survey we found that the distribution area of wild plant resources of Schisandra was suffering varied degrees of damage, and we also discovered a very rare species which was lack of attention for long time. The study helps us to utilize the genuine medicinal materials reasonably and make a sustainable development. Furthermore, the result provides some recommendations and basal data to strengthen the protection of rare species.