自噬体膜的来源

细胞自噬是指细胞通过自噬-溶酶体(autolysosome)降解变性蛋白聚集物和受损细胞器的过程. 自噬对于细胞内环境的稳态、物质的平衡、胚胎发育以及疾病的发生发挥重要作用. 在电镜下观察，自噬体膜是一个双层脂质膜结构. 细胞中因缺乏除了自噬相关蛋白9 (autophagy-related protein 9，ATG9)以外的自噬体膜相关蛋白，故难以确定自噬体膜的来源. 自噬体膜的来源也因此成为目前自噬研究领域的热点问题. 关于自噬体膜的来源，学术界存在两种观点：一种认为自噬体膜是细胞在自噬体组装位点(pre-autophagosomal structure, PAS)重新合成的；另一种观点则认为自噬体膜来源于细胞已有的某些细胞器(如内质网、高尔基体、内吞体、质膜和线粒体). 该文综述了近年有关自噬体膜来源于细胞已有的某些细胞器的研究进展，旨在为相关领域的研究提供参考.

Sources Of Autophagosome Membrane

Autophagy is a major pathway for the degradation of large protein aggregates and damaged organelles in autolysosomes. Yet the important role of autophagy in intracellular homeostasis, material balance, embryonic development and the occurrence of diseases is well recognized, the formation of autophagosome as a double-membrane structure remained far from clear. Recently, rapid progress to elucidate molecular basis for autophagosome assembling revealed the importance of several participating tracellular organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, plasma membrane and mitochondria for supplying membrane constituents. Here we summarized most recent research advances to address the origin of autophagosome membrane.