成年哺乳动物皮质区神经发生的研究进展

神经发生是神经干细胞在适当的条件下分化成功能性整合神经元的过程,主要包括细胞的增殖、迁移、分化和存活。成年神经发生区以前脑室管膜下区(Subventricular zones,SVZ)和海马齿状回颗粒层下区(Subgranular zones,SGZ)为主,但皮质作为神经元和神经胶质细胞数量最多、分布最广,同时也是哺乳动物高度发展的脑区,是否有成年神经元新生,已成为近年来神经科学领域的研究热点1,2]。现本文就未成熟神经元在皮质区的研究方法、分布、来源与转归、病理生理功能影响等方面探讨成年哺乳动物皮质神经发生现象。

Advancement in Research on Neurogenesis Occurs in Adult Mammal Cerebral Cortex

Neurogenesis is a process which neural stem cells differentiate into functional neurons, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival. Neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain in a constitutive manner under physiological circumstances within two regions: the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. As cerebral cortex is well developed area with numerous neurons and astrocytes in mammals, whether there is adult neurogenesis is controversial1, 2]. Here research on neurogenesis occurs in adult mammal cerebral cortex will be reviewed.