Trehalose biosynthesis is involved in sporulation of Stagonospora nodorum |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Australian Centre for Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens, SABC, Division of Health Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, WA, Australia;2. School of Pharmacy, Division of Health Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, WA, Australia;3. Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, WA, Australia;4. School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, ACT, Australia;1. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;2. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;3. From the School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences,;4. the Biophysical Sciences Institute, and;5. the Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom and;6. the Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;11. Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;3. Department of Blood Cell Research, Stichting Sanquin Bloedvoorziening, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;4. Department of Immunology, Children''s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland;5. Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland;6. Department of Clinical Immunology, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland;7. Department of Clinical Immunology, Russian State Children''s Hospital, Moscow, Russia;8. Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht and Wilhelmina Children''s Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands;9. Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Teaching Hospital Motol and 2nd Medical School, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic;10. Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;12. Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;1. State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua-BP Clean Energy Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China;2. Takasago Research & Development Center, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Takasago, Japan;3. Guodian Science and Technology Research Institute, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu Province, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Stagonospora nodorum is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that is the causal agent of leaf and glume blotch on wheat. S. nodorum is a polycyclic pathogen, whereby rain-splashed pycnidiospores attach to and colonise wheat tissue and subsequently sporulate again within 2–3 weeks. As several cycles of infection are needed for a damaging infection, asexual sporulation is a critical phase of its infection cycle. A non-targeted metabolomics screen for sporulation-associated metabolites identified that trehalose accumulated significantly in concert with asexual sporulation both in vitro and in planta. A reverse-genetics approach was used to investigate the role of trehalose in asexual sporulation. Trehalose biosynthesis was disrupted by deletion of the gene Tps1, encoding a trehalose 6-phosphate synthase, resulting in almost total loss of trehalose during in vitro growth and in planta. In addition, lesion development and pycnidia formation were also significantly reduced in tps1 mutants. Reintroduction of the Tps1 gene restored trehalose biosynthesis, pathogenicity and sporulation to wild-type levels. Microscopic examination of tps1 infected wheat leaves showed that pycnidial formation often halted at an early stage of development. Further examination of the tps1 phenotype revealed that tps1 pycnidiospores exhibited a reduced germination rate while under heat stress, and tps1 mutants had a reduced growth rate while under oxidative stress. This study confirms a link between trehalose biosynthesis and pathogen fitness in S. nodorum. |
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