Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Examining linkages from selected coastal regions of the United States |
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| Institution: | 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2. Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;4. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;1. National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan;2. National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea;3. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Nature Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China;4. National Scientific Center of Marine Biology Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia;5. Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;1. Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and Development, Oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, SE-426 71 Västra Frölunda, Sweden;2. Aarhus University, Marine Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark;3. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;4. University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, P. O. Box 1066 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway;5. Norwegian Institute for Water Research. Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway;6. Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;7. CICERO Center for International Climate Research, P.O. Box 1129, 0318 Blindern, Oslo Norway;8. University of Gdansk, Institute of Oceanography, Division of Marine Biotechnology, Marszalka Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia; POLAND;9. Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Marine Research Centre, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;10. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark;11. Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, N-4817 His, Norway;12. Wageningen UR, Wageningen Marine Research, P.O. box 77, 4400 AB, Yerseke, The Netherlands;13. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Project Office for IODE, Wandelaarkaai 7/61 - 8400 Oostende, Belgium;14. Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Wandelaarkaai 7, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Coastal waters of the United States (U.S.) are subject to many of the major harmful algal bloom (HAB) poisoning syndromes and impacts. These include paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) and various other HAB phenomena such as fish kills, loss of submerged vegetation, shellfish mortalities, and widespread marine mammal mortalities. Here, the occurrences of selected HABs in a selected set of regions are described in terms of their relationship to eutrophication, illustrating a range of responses. Evidence suggestive of changes in the frequency, extent or magnitude of HABs in these areas is explored in the context of the nutrient sources underlying those blooms, both natural and anthropogenic. In some regions of the U.S., the linkages between HABs and eutrophication are clear and well documented, whereas in others, information is limited, thereby highlighting important areas for further research. |
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