葱属植物棱叶薤的形态性状与核型特征

对新疆不同地理位置分布的葱属植物棱叶薤的形态性状以及核型特征进行了研究,结果表明:鳞茎、株型、叶形等43个形态性状在3个棱叶薤居群之间不存在差异,而株芽、叶色、叶长、单株叶片数、小花数目、花序高度、花葶长度等19个性状在3个棱叶薤居群之间存在显著或极显著差异。采集自乌鲁木齐红旗水库居群的棱叶薤的核型公式是2n=2x=16=12m+4sm;塔城阿西尔乡巴尔鲁克山居群的棱叶薤的核型公式是2n=3x=24=18m+3sm+3st;裕民巴旦杏保护区居群的棱叶薤的核型公式是2n=4x=32=28m(4SAT)﹢4sm。棱叶薤居群内形态性状和倍性稳定,居群间存在形态性状分化,同时还存在二倍体、三倍体、四倍体的倍性分化。居群间染色体结构组成和相对长度组成也存在差异。核型类型均为2A型。

Morphological Characters and Karyotype of Allium caeruleum Pallas

Morphological characters and karyotype of three populations of Allium caeruleum Pallas distributed in Xinjiang, China, were studied. The results showed that there were morphological and karyotypic differentiations in different populations of A. caeruleum Pallas. There were no morphological differences in 43 characters of three populations such as bulb, plant type and leaf shape. There were significant differences or highly significant differences in 19 characters of three populations such as bulbil, leaf colour, leaf length, individual leaf number, flower number, umbel height and scape length. The karyotype formula was 2n = 2x = 16 = 12m + 4sm for A. caeruleum Pallas (Urumqi population).The karyotype formula was 2n = 3x = 24 = 18m + 3sm + 3st for A. caeruleum Pallas (Tacheng population) .The karyotype formula was 2n = 4x = 32 = 28m(4SAT) + 4sm for A. caeruleum Pallas (Yumin population). Morphological and karyotype differentiation were found in three populations of A. caeruleum Pallas, and the ploidy levels was diploid, triploid and tetraploid, respectively. However, morphological characters and ploidy levels were stable within populations. The composition and relative length of chromosome of three populations of A. caeruleum Pallas are different. The karyotypes of them are 2A types.