大豆粒形性状的遗传效应分析

采用双子叶植物种子数量性状的遗传模型，分析了大豆品种双列杂交F1和F2种子的粒重、粒宽、粒厚和粒长／粒宽、粒长／粒厚、粒宽／粒厚粒形性状的遗传效应。结果表明：7种粒形性状同时受制于种子直接遗传效应，而且还不同程度的受制于母体和细胞质效应。其中，百粒重、粒长、粒长／粒宽、粒长／粒厚和粒宽／粒厚的遗传以细胞质效应为主；粒宽和粒厚以母体遗传效应为主。粒重、粒长和粒长／粒宽、粒宽／粒厚的种子直接遗传率和细胞质遗传率均属中等，对其4个性状选择可以在较高世代单株和单粒选择均有效果。粒宽和粒厚母体遗传率数值较大，对其性状应以母体单株为单位早代选择，以增加粒宽和粒厚。P2和P7可作为增加百粒重、粒长／粒宽、粒长／粒厚和粒宽／粒厚的理想亲本；P1、P4和P6分别是提高粒长、粒厚和粒宽的理想亲本。

Genetic Effects on Seed Traits in Soybean

The genetic effects of seed traits in soybean, including 100-seed weight, seed length, seed width, seed thickness, length/width, length/thickness and width/thickness, were analyzed using an incomplete diallel cross of eight varieties with its F1 and F2 populations. The results showed that the above seven traits were controlled by direct genetic effects of seed and affected to different extent of maternal and cytoplasmic effects simultaneously. Among the traits, the inheritance of 100-seed weight, seed length, length/width, length/thickness, and width/thickness were mainly controlled by cytoplasmic effects, while those of seed width and thickness were mainly by maternal effects. Both the seed direct heritabilities and the cytoplsmic heritabilities of 100-seed weight, seed length, length/width and width/thickness were medium-sized. The individual selection and seed selection of above four traits at late generation may create good results. The maternal heritabilities of seed width and thickness were pretty high. To increase these two traits, an individual maternal selection should be done at early generation. Our results showed that varieties P2 and P7 could be used as ideal parents for improvements of 100-seed weight, seed length/width, length/thickness and width/thickness, while varieties P1, P4 and P6 are the ideal parents for increasing seed length, width and thickness respectively.