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Olfactory conditioning of proboscis activity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors:Marie-Ange Chabaud  Jean-Marc Devaud  Minh-Hà Pham-Delègue  Thomas Preat  Laure Kaiser
Institution:(1) Développement, évolution et Plasticité du Système Nerveux, CNRS, Bat. 32/33, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France;(2) Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5169, Bat 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 04, France;(3) Direction des Relations Internationales, CNRS,, 3 rue Michel Ange, 75016 Paris, France;(4) Present address: Gènes et Dynamique des Systèmes de Mémoire, CNRS, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
Abstract:Olfactory learning and memory processes in Drosophila have been well investigated with aversive conditioning, but appetitive conditioning has rarely been documented. Here, we report for the first time individual olfactory conditioning of proboscis activity in restrained Drosophila melanogaster. The protocol was adapted from those developed for proboscis extension conditioning in the honeybee Apis mellifera. After establishing a scale of small proboscis movements necessary to characterize responses to olfactory stimulation, we applied Pavlovian conditioning, with five trials consisting of paired presentation of a banana odour and a sucrose reward. Drosophila showed conditioned proboscis activity to the odour, with a twofold increase of percentage of responses after the first trial. No change occurred in flies experiencing unpaired presentations of the stimuli, confirming an associative basis for this form of olfactory learning. The adenylyl cyclase mutant rutabaga did not exhibit learning in this paradigm. This protocol generated at least a short-term memory of 15 min, but no significant associative memory was detected at 1 h. We also showed that learning performance was dependent on food motivation, by comparing flies subjected to different starvation regimes.
Keywords:Insect  Appetitive conditioning  Associative learning  Sugar reward  Starvation
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