The Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment: an overview of the results |
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Authors: | E V Balian H Segers C Lévêque K Martens |
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Institution: | (1) National museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan |
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Abstract: | The geographic genetic structure of two common encrusting sponges, Hymeniacidon sinapium and Hymeniacidon flavia (family Halichondriidae), was investigated using two DNA markers, Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal
DNA and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) of mitochondrial DNA. In the ITS analyses, multiple sequence types were identified
within each species. Geographic distribution patterns of sequence types showed higher diversity in the western than eastern
areas in both species. However, intraspecific genetic diversity of the two species in Japan differed markedly. Hymeniacidon flavia had far more diverse sequence types, and several genetic differentiations between localities were detected. In contrast,
H. sinapium had only four sequence types in Japan, and two Atlantic Hymeniacidon species had sequence types similar to this species. In comparison to ITS, nad5 showed very low genetic diversity in both
species, with two haplotypes identified in each species. In H. flavia, frequency of haplotype changed gradually from north to south. In H. sinapium, one haplotype was predominant in most regions, and another haplotype was minor and distributed only in the Korean and Tsushima
populations. Based on the unique distribution patterns of sequence types around Shikoku and Kyushu, geographical history and
ocean currents were assumed to affect the generation of genetic structure. The geographic genetic structure of H. flavia suggests low dispersal ability of pelagic larvae, whereas higher larval dispersal ability and a far broader distribution
range are suggested in H. sinapium.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Handling editor: C. Sturmbauer |
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Keywords: | Porifera Hymeniacidon sinapium Hymeniacidon flavia Phylogeography Distribution Dispersal |
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