不结球白菜同源四倍体Pol CMS及其保持系花药发育的解剖学研究

以秋水仙素人工诱变获得的不结球白菜同源四倍体Pol CMS及其保持系为材料,采用石蜡切片法研究其花药发育过程.结果显示:四倍体Pol CMS与保持系花药发育差异明显,不育系花药发育受阻于孢原细胞分化期,不形成药室,属无花粉囊型.极少数温敏型花药能产生1~2个花粉囊,但四分体时期绒毡层提早退化,导致成熟小孢子数目减少.四倍体保持系花药发育过程与二倍体基本一致,同一时期的可育小孢子四倍体比二倍体大,二倍体花粉粒都为3个萌发孔,而四倍体多为4个萌发孔.四倍体保持系同一花粉囊中花粉粒发育有不同步现象,花粉粒败育频率比二倍体高.研究表明,不结球白菜同源四倍体Pol CMS比其二倍体Pol CMS不育更彻底,更具应用性.

Anther Development of Pol CMS and Its Corresponding Maintainer Line in Autotetraploid Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage

Anther development was observed using a light microscope through paraffin slices on the Pol CMS and its corresponding maintainer line in autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage,which were induced from the diploid Pol CMS and the corresponding maintainer line by colchicines.The result indicated there was a difference on anther development between Pol CMS and its corresponding maintainer line.The anther development of the autotetraploid Pol CMS was inhibited at the stage of archesporial cell,at which there was no anther sac formed and no differentiation of sporogenous cell.A few anthers of autotetraploid Pol CMS could produce one or two anther sacs under low temperature,which decreased the number of mature pollens due to the tapetum degradation earlier than the normal in the one tetrad stage.The anther development of autotetraploid Pol CMS maintainer line was similar to that of diploid,among which the microspores in autotetraploid were larger than those in diploid with mainly four germination apertures,one more than that in diploid in the same stage.In the same anther sac of autotetraploid Pol CMS maintainer line,the development of pollen grains wasn't synchronized and the frequence of pollen abortion was higher than that in diploid maintainer line.The study showed the autotetraploid Pol CMS had more thorough sterility and wider application than diploid Pol CMS.