Iodine Deficiency Among Hypothyroid Patients Living in Jeddah |
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Authors: | Eman M Alissa Khalid AlShali Gordon A Ferns |
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Institution: | (1) Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 12713, Jeddah, 21483, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;(2) Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 12713, Jeddah, 21483, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;(3) Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK |
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Abstract: | The objective was to determine the prevalence of iodine deficiency among hypothyroid patients and the effect of dietary goitrogens
on indices of iodine and thyroid status. This is a case-control study of 106 subjects who were recruited from King Abdulaziz
University Hospital, Jeddah. Blood and urine were collected for serum thyroid hormones, thyroid autoantibodies, thyroglobulin
(Tg) and urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Dietary iodine and goitrogenic food intake were assessed by questionnaire. Using
World Health Organization (WHO) cutoff values for UIC, both controls and cases were iodine deficient (85% and 83%, respectively).
Furthermore, dietary iodine was deficient in 23% of controls and 36% of cases. In cases, there was a positive association
between UIC levels and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (r = 0.405, p < 0.01) and a negative association with serum fT4 (r = −0.358, p < 0.01). Serum Tg antibody titers were also positively associated with dietary iodine (r = 0.328, p < 0.05). Patients with elevated serum autoantibodies had lower UIC and dietary iodine than those with normal serum autoantibodies.
UIC was associated with dietary goitrogens including turnip (r = 0.280, p < 0.05) and pine (r = 0.289, p < 0.05) among cases. Iodine deficiency is common and the consumption of dietary goitrogens is high among euthyroid and hypothyroid
subjects living in Jeddah. |
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Keywords: | Iodine Goitrogens Jeddah Serum thyroid autoantibodies Serum thyroid hormones Serum thyroglobulin Subclinical hypothyroidism |
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