金丝猴颅骨及牙齿的比较形态研究

金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae M.-E.)自从1870年订名以来,对它的研究多限于分类和个体生态习性的观察描述,至于它的形态解剖方面的论述国内几无报道。国外Hooizer(1950)和Swindler(1976)对其牙齿作了简单扼要的描述,前者并在11例川金丝猴头骨中发现一例左侧上颌骨具有P⁴。这次我们对金丝猴系统的研究过程中,在解剖方面,除了进行各器官系统解剖外,同时还与猕猴、黑叶猴相比较,并对其器官的形态变化和生态生理机能的结合上给以适当注意和解释。

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE SKULL AND THE TEETH OE THE GOLDEN MONKEY (RHINOPITHECUS ROXELLANAE MILNE-EDWARDS )

This paper deals the skull and the teeth of the golden monkey (Rhinopithecus rxellanae Milae-Edwards ) . It can be obviously observed that there are many remarkable differences in skull characters between the golden monkey and the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and the banded leaf monkey (Presbytis francoisi), i.e.the golden monkey's skull is higher in form, the occipital arises externally and upwardly from the foramen magnum; the cranial length-auricular hight index, the cranial capacity, the total prognathism and the anterior inclined corner of mandible all are larger in golden monkey. The tubers and trochanters of the skull, the remarkable trochanters of the stronger mandible give the larger attaching surface for the musculus temporalis and the musculus masseter, and we believe that these structural characters of the golden monkey are related with chewing and tearing of the stronger and tougher phloem, nuts and drups. The stronger crista superciliaris can shade the eye to prevent the rain and snow in the wild. The authors also considered that the bluntness of the teeth may be related to its food habit, chewing of coarse materials.