Antioxidative effects of fluvastatin and its metabolites against oxidative DNA damage in mammalian cultured cells |
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Authors: | Atsumune Imaeda Toru Tanigawa Tomonori Aoki Yasushi Kondo Naoto Nakamura Toshikazu Yoshikawa |
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Affiliation: | 1. Safety Research Laboratory, Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd., 3-16-89, Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 532-8505, Japan;2. 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan;3. Discovery Research Laboratory, Tanabe Seiyaku Co., Ltd., 3-16-89 Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 532-8505, Japan |
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Abstract: | We investigated the effects of fluvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and on oxidative DNA damage in vitro, as well as the effects of the main fluvastatin metabolites (M2, M3, and M4) and other inhibitors of the same enzyme, pravastatin and simvastatin. The hydroxyl radical and the superoxide anion scavenging activities of fluvastatin and its metabolites were evaluated using an electron spin resonance spectrometer. Fluvastatin and its metabolites showed superoxide anion scavenging activity in the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system and a strong scavenging effect on the hydroxyl radical produced from Fenton's reaction. Protective effects of fluvastatin on ROS-induced DNA damage of CHL/IU cells were assessed using the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. CHL/IU cells were exposed to either hydrogen peroxide or t-butylhydroperoxide. Fluvastatin and its metabolites showed protective effects on DNA damage as potent as the reference antioxidants, ascorbic acid, trolox, and probucol, though pravastatin and simvastatin did not exert clear protective effects. These observations suggest that fluvastatin and its metabolites may have radical scavenging activity and the potential to protect cells against oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, ROS are thought to play a major role in the etiology of a wide variety of diseases such as cellular aging, inflammation, diabetes, and cancer development, so fluvastatin might reduce these risks. |
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Keywords: | Fluvastatin Reactive oxygen species Oxidative DNA damage Antioxidant Electron spin resonance Single-cell gel electrophoresis assay |
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