Human urine: Epicatechin metabolites and antioxidant activity after cocoa beverage intake |
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| Authors: | Elena Roura Ma Pilar Almajano Ma Lourdes Mata Bilbao Cristina Andrés-Lacueva Ramon Estruch |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;2. Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Technical University of Catalonia, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain;3. Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Associations between cocoa consumption in humans, excreted metabolites and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) have been scarcely investigated. The aims of the study were to investigate the epicatechin (( ? )-Ec) metabolites excreted in urine samples after an intake of 40 g of cocoa powder along with the TAC of these urine samples and the relation between both the analyses. Each of the 21 volunteers received two interventions, one with a polyphenol-rich food (PRF) and one with a polyphenol-free food (PFF) in a randomized cross-over study. Urine samples were taken before and during 24 h at 0–6, 6–12 and 12–24 h periods after test intake. The excreted ( ? )-Ec metabolites and the TAC were determined in urine samples by LC-MS/MS and TEAC assay, respectively. The maximum excretion of ( ? )-Ec metabolites and the maximum TAC value were observed in urine samples excreted between 6 and 12 h after PRF consumption. Significance of TAC increase was found in urine samples excreted during 0–6 and 6–12 h (66.6 and 72.67%, respectively, with respect to the 0 h). |
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| Keywords: | (+)-Epicatechin metabolites cocoa powder flavonoids TEAC antioxidant activity urine |
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