Enalapril decreases rat plasma concentration of TMAO,a gut bacteria-derived cardiovascular marker |
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Authors: | Marek Konop Marek Radkowski Marta Grochowska Karol Perlejewski Emilia Samborowska |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland;2. Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland;3. Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland |
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Abstract: | Introduction: Increased plasma level of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a bacterial metabolite of choline, is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Indoxyl sulfate, a bacterial metabolite of tryptophan, is thought to be associated with higher mortality in cardiorenal syndrome. We hypothesized that enalapril, a well-established drug reducing cardiovascular mortality, may affect the plasma level of gut bacteria-derived metabolites and gut bacteria composition.Materials and methods: 14–16-week-old Wistar rats were maintained either on water (controls) or water solution of enalapril for two weeks (5.3 or 12.6?mg/kg b.w.). Blood plasma and urine were analyzed for the concentration of TMAO and indoxyl sulfate using liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Gut bacteria composition was analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.Results: Rats treated with enalapril showed a significantly lower plasma TMAO level and a trend towards higher 24?h urine excretion of TMA and TMAO. Plasma indoxyl level was similar between the groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in gut bacteria composition.Conclusions: Enalapril decreases rat plasma TMAO, but does not affect the plasma level of indoxyl sulfate and gut bacteria composition. The enalapril-induced decrease in plasma TMAO level may be of therapeutic and diagnostic importance. |
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Keywords: | Gut bacteria cardiovascular diseases cancer diabetes ACE-Is TMA TMAO indoxyl sulfate |
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