Phragmites use by Native North Americans |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China;3. Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China;4. Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, China;5. Department of General Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China;1. Cornell University, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell Biological Field Station, 900 Shackelton Point Rd., Bridgeport, NY 13030, United States;2. U. S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States;1. Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, Sonwar Campus, Srinagar, 190004, India;2. P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, 190006, India;3. Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, 190006, India;4. Department of Veterinary Medicine, GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab, India |
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| Abstract: | Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. occurred in North America in pre-Columbian time but has spread greatly and become invasive in the north-central and northeastern US during the 1900s. At least 46 Native North American tribes were reported to use Phragmites historically, and we compiled statistical data from the literature on 24 of these tribes. There were approximately 75 different uses of Phragmites. Each tribe had 2–25 (mean=7.0) uses for Phragmites, of which the most frequent were: arrowshaft (17 tribes), cigarette (13), flute (12), whistle (7), pipestem (7), and matting (6). Number of uses per tribe was highest in the SouthWestern quadrant of North America, and was negatively correlated with latitude but not correlated with longitude. The apparent center of Phragmites availability and use in the SouthWestern United States is consistent with occurrence of Phragmites in pre-Columbian sediments and archaeological deposits, and at least two specialized Phragmites-using animals. The ethnobotanical importance of Phragmites should be considered in management of this plant. |
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