Regulation of ephexin1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor of Rho family GTPases, by fibroblast growth factor receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signal is implicated in not only cell proliferation, but cell migration and morphological changes. Several different Rho family GTPases downstream of the Ras/ERK pathway are postulated to mediate the latter functions. However, none have been recognized to be directly coupled to FGF receptors (FGFRs). We have previously reported that EphA4 and FGFRs hetero-oligomerize through their cytoplasmic domains, trans-activate each other, and transduce a signal for cell proliferation through a docking protein, FRS2alpha (Yokote, H., Fujita, K., Jing, X., Sawada, T., Liang, S., Yao, L., Yan, X., Zhang, Y., Schlessinger, J., and Sakaguchi, K. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102, 18866-18871). Here, we have found that ephexin1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho family GTPases, constitutes another downstream component of the receptor complex. Ephexin1 directly binds to the kinase domain of FGFR mainly through its DH and PH domains. The binding appears to become weaker and limited to the DH domain when FGFRs become activated. FGFR-mediated phosphorylation of ephexin1 enhances the guanine nucleotide exchange activity toward RhoA without affecting the activity to Rac1 or Cdc42. The FGFR-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation includes, but is not limited to, the residue (Tyr-87) phosphorylated by Src family kinase, which is known to be activated following EphA4 activation. The Tyr-to-Asp mutations that mimic the tyrosine phosphorylation in some of the putative FGFR-mediated phosphorylation sites increase the nucleotide exchange activity for RhoA without changing the activity for Rac1 or Cdc42. From these results, we conclude that ephexin1 is located immediately downstream of the EphA4-FGFR complex and the function is altered by the FGFR-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation at multiple sites.