氨氧化细菌的分子生态学研究进展

氨氧化细菌（AOB）在全球氮循环中具有重要作用.本文综述了目前AOB的分子生态学研究进展.主要介绍了AOB的种类和系统发育，基于16S rRNA的系统发育分析表明AOB的系统发育比较简单，均属于变形菌纲的β和γ亚纲.还介绍了目前研究AOB主要采用的分子生态学方法，如变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）、末端标记 限制性片段长度多态性（T-RFLP）、荧光原位杂交（FISH）和实时定量PCR（real-time PCR）等，总结了生态因子的改变对AOB群落结构和数量的影响，并对今后氨氧化细菌的应用分子生态学研究方向进行了展望.

Research advances in molecular ecology of ammonia oxidizing bacteria.

Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) play an important role in global nitrogen cycle. This paper reviewed the research advances on molecular ecology of ammonia oxidizing bacteria. The analysis of systematic evolution of AOB based on 16S rRNA reveals that the evolution of AOB is quite simple, which belongs to beta and gamma subgroup of Proteobacteria. This paper also introduced the main molecular ecological methods in the study of AOB, which included denature gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and real-time PCR, summarized the effects of ecological factors on the communities and populations of AOB, and prospected the research directions on molecular ecology of AOB.