籼稻稻米外观品质的细胞质,母体和胚乳遗传效应分析

利用浙协2号A等9个籼型不育系和T49等5个籼型恢复系进行不完全双列杂交，研究了籼稻稻米外观品质的遗传效应．结果表明，稻米外观品质性状的表现受制于胚乳、母体和细胞质三套遗传体系．糙米长、长宽比和长厚比等性状以母体遗传率为主，而糙米宽和糙米厚则以胚乳直接遗传率为主，糙米长和长宽比等性状的细胞质遗传率亦很重要．结果还发现外观品质性状间存在着较强的遗传相关，其中糙米长与糙米宽、糙米长与糙米厚、糙米宽与糙米厚、糙米宽与长宽比、糙米厚与长厚比以及糙米长宽比与长厚比性状间以胚乳直接加性和母体加性相关为主．而糙米长与长宽比、糙米长与长厚比、糙米宽与长厚比以及糙米厚与长宽比性状间则以胚乳直接显性和母体显性相关为主．就外观品质的总体情况而言，遗传效应预测值表明参试亲本以V20A、作5A和测早2-2较好，其各种遗传效应能够显著改善稻米品质性状。V20A／102和作5A／测早2-2等组合具有较好的稻米外观品质．

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF ENDOSPERM,CYTOPLASMIC AND MATERNAL EFFECTS FOR EXTERIOR QUALITY TRAITS IN INDICA RICE

Analysis of endosperm,cytoplasmic and maternal effects for exterior quality traits of early season Indica rice( Oryza sativa L.) was conducted based on the genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in cereal crops. Nine cytoplasmic male sterile lines (Zhenshan 97 A etc.) as females and five restoring lines (T49 etc.) as males were used in incomplete diallel crosses.The results indicated that the exterior traits for brown rice were controlled by endosperm,cytoplasmic and maternal genetic effects.Maternal heritabilitywas more important for brown rice length(BRL),ratio of brown rice length to width(L/W) and ratio of brown rice length to thickness (L/T).But brown rice width (BRW) and brown rice thickness (BRT) were mainly controlled by endosperm direct heritability.Cytoplasm heritabilities were also important for BRL and L/W.Correlation analysisshowed that the genetic correlations between BRL and BRW,BRL and BRT,BRW and BRT,BRW and L/W,BRT and L/T,or L/W and L/T were mainly controlled by endosperm and maternal additive effects.But endosperm and maternal dominance correlations between BRL and L/W,BRL and L/T,BRW and L/T,or BRT and L/W were more important than additive correlations. Predicted genetic effects showed that V20A,Zuo 5 A and Cezao 2-2 were better than other parents,their genetic effects could improve the exterior traits of rice.Crosses of V20A/102 and Zuo 5 A/Cezao 2-2 had exterior quality better than others.