基于Ecopath模型的莱州湾中国对虾增殖生态容量

通过增殖放流，增加优质渔业资源、改善种群结构是渔业资源养护的重要手段，而增殖生态容量的研究是科学实施增殖放流的前提.本文根据2009-2010年的渔业资源与生态环境数据，构建了由26个功能群组成的莱州湾生态系统Ecopath模型，利用该模型分析了生态系统的总体特征、营养相互关系与关键种，计算了放流品种中国对虾的增殖生态容量.结果表明：系统的总初级生产量/总呼吸(TPP/TR)为1.53，总初级生产量/总生物量(TPP/B)为24.54，同时具有较低的循环指数(FCI=0.07)、较高的剩余生产量（434.41 t·km^-2·a^-1）和较低的系统连接指数(CI=0.29)，该系统目前处于发育的早期阶段.中国对虾目前不是莱州湾生态系统的关键种，当前中国对虾的生物量为0.1143 t·km^-2，有较大的增殖潜力；当生物量增长25.8倍时，仍不会超过增殖生态容量2.9489 t·km^-2.

Ecological carrying capacity of Chinese shrimp stock enhancement in Laizhou Bay of East China based on Ecopath model

Stock enhancement is an important way of fishery resources conservation, which can increase the high quality fishery resources and improve the fish population structure. The study of ecological carrying capacity is the premise for the scientific implementation of stock enhancement. Based on the survey data of the fishery resources and ecological environment in Laizhou Bay from 2009 to 2010, an Ecopath mass balance model of the Laizhou Bay ecosystem consisted of 26 functional groups was constructed, and applied to analyze the overall characteristics of the ecosystem, the trophic interrelationships, and the keystone species, and to calculate the ecological carrying capacity of Chinese shrimp enhancement. As for the overall characteristics of the ecosystem, the total primary production/total respiration (TPP/TR) was 1.53, total primary production/total biomass (TPP/B) was 24.54, Finn’s cycling index was lower (0.07), surplus production was higher (434.41 t·km^-2·a^-1), and system connectance index was lower (0.29), indicating that this ecosystem was at an early development stage. The analysis on the keystone species showed that Chinese shrimp was not a keystone species of this ecosystem. At present, the biomass of Chinese shrimp in the ecosystem was 0.1143 t·km^-2, with a greater potential of continued enhancement. It did not exceed the ecological carrying capacity of 2.9489 t·km^-2 when the biomass of the Chinese shrimp was increased by 25.8 times.