红树林湿地碳储量及碳汇研究进展

红树林是生长在热带和亚热带地区潮间带的特殊的湿地森林，在防风固田、促进淤泥沉积、抵御海啸和台风等自然灾害和保护海岸线方面起着重要的作用.全球约有红树林152000 km²，占陆地森林面积的0.4%，我国约有230 km².热带红树林湿地的碳储量平均高达1023 Mg C·hm^-2，全球红树林湿地的碳汇能力在0.18～0.228 Pg C·a^-1.影响红树林碳储量和碳汇能力的主要因子除了植物种类组成以外，气温、海水温度、海水盐度、土壤理化性质、大气CO₂浓度及人类干扰等均有着重要作用.红树林湿地碳储量、碳汇能力的研究方法以实测法为基础，包括异速方程、遥感反演和模型模拟等.研究红树林湿地碳储量及碳汇能力，有利于深入认识红树林湿地碳循环过程及其调控机制，对红树林湿地的保护和合理利用具有重要意义.

Carbon storage and carbon sink of mangrove wetland: Research progress

Mangrove forest is a special wetland forest growing in the inter-tidal zone of tropical and subtropical regions, playing important roles in windbreak, promoting silt sedimentation, resisting extreme events such as cyclones and tsunamis, and protecting coastline, etc. The total area of global mangrove forests is about 152000 km², only accounting for 0.4% of all forest area. There are about 230 km² mangrove forests in China. The mangrove forests in the tropics have an average carbon storage as high as 1023 Mg·hm^-2, and the global mangrove forests can sequestrate about 0.18-0.228 Pg C·a^-1. In addition to plant species composition, a variety of factors such as air temperature, seawater temperature and salinity, soil physical and chemical properties, atmospheric CO₂ concentration, and human activities have significant effects on the carbon storage and sink ability of mangrove forests. Many approaches based on field measurements, including allometric equations, remote sensing, and model simulation, are applied to quantify the carbon storage and sink ability of mangrove forest wetland. To study the carbon storage and sink ability of mangrove wetland can promote the further understanding of the carbon cycle of mangrove wetland and related controlling mechanisms, being of significance for the protection and rational utilization of mangrove wetland.