不同土层测墒补灌对冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响

于2010-2011年选用高产小麦品种济麦22进行大田试验，设置0～20 cm（W₁）、0～40 cm（W₂）、0～60 cm（W₃）和0～140 cm（W₄）4个测墒补灌土层，于越冬期（目标相对含水量均为75%）、拔节期（目标相对含水量均为70%）和开花期（目标相对含水量均为70%）进行测墒补灌，以全生育期不灌水处理（W₀）为对照，研究不同土层测墒补灌对冬小麦耗水特性及产量的影响.结果表明： 小麦越冬期、拔节期和开花期补充灌水量为W₃>W₂>W₁，W₄处理小麦越冬期和拔节期补充灌水量较少，但开花期补灌量显著高于其他处理；全生育期补灌量占总耗水量的比例为W₄、W₃>W₂>W₁.土壤水消耗量占总耗水量的比例为W₁>W₂>W₃>W₄；随测墒补灌土层深度的增加，土壤水消耗量占总耗水量的比例减少；W₂处理80～140 cm和160～200 cm土层土壤水消耗量显著高于W₃和W₄处理.各处理的总补灌量为W₃>W₄>W₂>W₁；籽粒产量为W₂、W₃、W₄>W₁>W₀，W₂、W₃、W₄间无显著差异；水分利用效率为W₂、W₄>W₀、W₁>W₃，W₂与W₄之间无显著差异.综合考虑灌水量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率，W₂处理是本试验条件下的最佳处理，即以0～40 cm土层测墒补灌效果最优.

Effects of supplemental irrigation based on the measurement of moisture content in different soil layers on the water consumption characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat

In 2010-2011, a field experiment with high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 was conducted to study the effects of supplemental irrigation based on the measurement of moisture content in different soil layers on the water consumption characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat. Four soil layers (0-20 cm, W₁; 0-40 cm, W₂; 0-60 cm, W3; and 0-140 cm, W₄) were designed to make the supplemental irrigation at wintering stage (target soil relative moisture content=75%), jointing stage (target soil relative moisture content=70%), and anthesis stage (target soil relative moisture content=70%), taking no irrigation (W₀) during the whole growth season as the control. At the wintering, jointing, and anthesis stages, the required irrigation amount followed the order of W₃ > W₂ > W₁. Treatment W₄ required smaller irrigation amount at wintering and jointing stages, but significantly higher one at anthesis stage than the other treatments. The proportion of the irrigation amount relative to the total water consumption over the entire growth season followed the sequence of W₄, W₃ > W₂ > W₁. By contrast, the proportion of soil water consumption relative to the total water consumption followed the trend of W₁ > W₂ > W₃ > W₄. With the increase of the test soil depths, the soil water utilization ratio decreased. The water consumption in 80-140 cm and 160-200 cm soil layers was significantly higher in W₂ than in W₃ and W₄. The required total irrigation amount was in the order of W₃ > W₄ > W₂ > W₁, the grain yield was in the order of W₂, W₃, W₄ > W₁ > W0, and the water use efficiency followed the order of W₂, W₄ > W₀, W₁ > W₃. To consider the irrigation amount, grain yield, and water use efficiency comprehensively, treatment W₂ under our experimental condition could be the optimal treatment, i.e., the required amount of supplemental irrigation based on the measurement of the moisture content in 0-40 cm soil layer should be feasible for the local winter wheat production.