海州湾及邻近海域冬季鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

根据2011年冬季在海州湾及邻近海域进行的渔业资源底拖网和环境调查数据,应用物种多样性指数和多元分析等方法,对该海域鱼类种类组成、多样性和群落结构及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究.结果表明: 该海域冬季捕获鱼类共60种,隶属于10目34科51属,以暖温性和暖水性底层鱼类为主.站位间物种丰富度指数介于1.14～2.84,多样性指数介于1.08～2.64,均匀度指数介于0.41～0.83之间.经聚类分析和非度量多维标度(MDS)分析,该海域鱼类群落在空间上可分为站位组Ⅰ(35° N以北水域站位)、站位组Ⅱ(靠近湾顶的近岸水域站位)和站位组Ⅲ(35° N以南水域站位).鱼类群落种类组成在站位组间及两两间的比较均差异极显著(R=0.45～0.91).典范对应分析表明，底层水温、水深和表层盐度是影响海州湾及邻近海域冬季鱼类群落结构的主要环境因子.

Fish community structure and its relationships with environmental factors in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters of East China in winter

Based on the bottom trawl survey and environmental investigation data in December 2011, and by using species diversity indices and multi element analysis, this paper studied the species composition, species diversity, and spatial pattern of fish community as well as their relationships with environmental factors in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters. A total of 60 fish species were captured, belonging to 51 genera, 34 families, and 10 orders, and mainly composed of warm temperature and warm water demersal fishes. The Margalef species richness index, Shannon diversity index, and Pielou evenness index ranged from 1.14 to 2.84, 1.08 to 2.64, and 0.41 to 0.83, respectively. Cluster analysis and non metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis showed that the fish community could be spatially clustered into three groups. Group I was in the north of 35° N, group Ⅱ was in the inshore waters near bay-ead, and group III was in the south of 35° N. ANOSIM analysis showed that there existed highly significant differences (R=0.45-0.91) in the fish species composition among the groups. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that the bottom water temperature, water depth, and sea surface salinity were the most important environmental variables affecting the spatial pattern of fish community in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters in winter.