Salivary VIP concentrations are elevated in humans after acute stress |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, United States;2. Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States;3. Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, United States;1. Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;2. Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany;1. Department of Psychiatry Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Mental Health Center Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China;3. Medical Library Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands;4. Arq Psychotrauma Expert Center, Diemen, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Salivary (s)-cortisol, s-amylase, s-DHEA are used extensively in stress research. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is also detectable in saliva using a standard RIA kit. VIP is a 28 amino acid neuropeptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon family of peptides and acts as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator. VIP has also been detected in the parasympathetic nerves enervating the salivary glands. Here we measured the level of s-cortisol, s-DHEA, s-amylase and s-VIP in three different stress exercises of different duration and intensity. The results indicate that a brief intense exercise lasting minutes elicited a stress response with significant increases in s-cortisol, s-DHEA, s-amylase and s-VIP. A less rigorous exercise did not elicit a stress response with no significant increases in s-cortisol, s-DHEA, s-amylase and s-VIP. A longer intense exercise lasting hours elicited a stress response with significant increases only in s-cortisol. |
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| Keywords: | Salivary VIP Cortisol Amylase DHEA Stress Saliva |
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