丛枝菌根真菌与植食性昆虫的相互作用

丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal AM)真菌与昆虫均是陆地生态系统中的重要组分,同植物关系密切,对植物的影响和作用是巨大的。生态系统中则以AM真菌-植物-昆虫互作体系参预食物网与生态过程。早在20世纪80年代,人们已开始研究AM真菌对昆虫的影响。进入21世纪人们越来越重视AM真菌与昆虫的相互作用。总结了AM真菌对昆虫取食偏好、生长、繁殖和对植物危害等方面的影响、以及昆虫对AM真菌侵染、扩展和产孢的影响;分析了植物营养状况、昆虫性别、昆虫龄期和AM真菌种类等对AM真菌与昆虫相互作用的影响特点;探讨了AM真菌与昆虫相互作用的机制;展望了利用AM真菌抑制植食性害虫、及促进天敌昆虫和部分传粉昆虫作用的可能性,旨在丰富菌根学研究内容、促进AM真菌与昆虫互作领域的深入研究、为探索生物防控农林业害虫的新途径提供依据。

Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and herbivorous insects

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi which distribute widely in soils can colonize plant roots and form the most popular mutual symbionts with host plants. AM fungi occupy irreplaceable niche, play key roles in evolution, community succession, regulation of physiology and chemistry, growth and development of host plants. The fungi can also increase of biodiversities, soil quality, ecosystem stabilization and sustainable productivity through direct and/or indirect ways. While insects are also important components in ecosystems, depending on and impacting greatly plants. Thus, AM fungi and insects are important components of most ecosystems, which are likely to interact with one another directly and indirectly in AM fungi-plants-insects system. Although the investigation on influence of AM fungi on insects started to be estimated in 1980s', more widely investigations on the interactions between AM fungi and insects were carried out only in 21^st century, and especially the interactions between AM fungi and insects have been well recognized in recent years. In this review, we summarize the influence of AM fungi on insect feeding preference, growth, reproduction and damage to plants, and the impacts of insects on colonization, growth and development of AM fungi, with more recent experiment results being introduced; discuss the possible mechanisms of the interaction between AM fungi and insects, and the impact characters of plant nutrition, insect gender, insect instars, and AM fungus species' influencing the interactions; and evaluate roles of inhibiting pests, and enhance natural enemy of pests and pollinator insects by AM fungi. The information of this paper should add the contents in mycorrhizology, promote the study of mycorrhizal fungi and insect interactions, and to provide the basis for explore new pathways in biological control of agricultural, forest, and forage feed pests.