Mapping the Spatial Proteome of Metastatic Cells in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest cancer worldwide. Here, we aimed to study metastasis mechanisms using spatial proteomics in the KM12 cell model. Cells were SILAC‐labeled and fractionated into five subcellular fractions corresponding to: cytoplasm, plasma, mitochondria and ER/golgi membranes, nuclear, chromatin‐bound and cytoskeletal proteins and analyzed with high resolution mass spectrometry. We provide localization data of 4863 quantified proteins in the different subcellular fractions. A total of 1318 proteins with at least 1.5‐fold change were deregulated in highly metastatic KM12SM cells respect to KM12C cells. The protein network organization, protein complexes and functional pathways associated to CRC metastasis was revealed with spatial resolution. Although 92% of the differentially expressed proteins showed the same deregulation in all subcellular compartments, a subset of 117 proteins (8%) showed opposite changes in different subcellular localizations. The chaperonin CCT, the Eif2 and Eif3 initiation of translation and the oxidative phosphorylation complexes together with an important number of guanine nucleotide‐binding proteins, were deregulated in abundance and localization within the metastatic cells. Particularly relevant was the relationship of deregulated protein complexes with exosome secretion. The knowledge of the spatial proteome alterations at subcellular level contributes to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying colorectal cancer metastasis and to identify potential targets of therapeutic intervention.