Floral biology and pollination in stapeliads — new results and a literature review |
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Authors: | U Meve S Liede |
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Institution: | (1) Institut für Botanik, Westf. Wilhelms-Universität, Schloßgarten 3, D-48149 Münster, Federal Republic of Germany;(2) Abtlg. Spezielle Botanik, Biologie V, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Federal Republic of Germany |
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Abstract: | The myiophilous pollination syndrome of stapeliads is investigated. Olfactory stimuli, imitating dung or decaying organic (zoogenic or phytogenic) matter, are used as attractants, together with mimetic colouration and, sometimes mimetic sculpturing. In most species nectar is present. The nectar mainly serves as optical attractant causing brilliance effects, and as visitor guide. However, nectar obviously is also a reward in many species. Flies (Cyclorrhapha:Calyptratae) constitute the most important pollinating group. In the pollination process they carry pollinaria only at the distal parts of their proboscis, never on their legs. No fundamental differences between the pollinator spectra of flowers in habitat and cultivated ones were observed. |
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Keywords: | Asclepiadaceae Stapelieae Calyptratae Diptera Myiophily attractants pollination |
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