Engineered Tug‐of‐War Between Kinesin and Dynein Controls Direction of Microtubule Based Transport In Vivo |
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Authors: | Karim Rezaul Dipika Gupta Irina Semenova Kazuho Ikeda Pavel Kraikivski Ji Yu Ann Cowan Ilya Zaliapin Vladimir Rodionov |
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Institution: | 1. R.D.Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, and Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030‐6406, USA;2. Current address: Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Osaka 565‐0874, Japan;3. Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061‐0406, USA;4. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Nevada‐Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA |
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Abstract: | Bidirectional transport of membrane organelles along microtubules (MTs) is driven by plus‐end directed kinesins and minus‐end directed dynein bound to the same cargo. Activities of opposing MT motors produce bidirectional movement of membrane organelles and cytoplasmic particles along MT transport tracks. Directionality of MT‐based transport might be controlled by a protein complex that determines which motor type is active at any given moment of time, or determined by the outcome of a tug‐of‐war between MT motors dragging cargo organelles in opposite directions. However, evidence in support of each mechanisms of regulation is based mostly on the results of theoretical analyses or indirect experimental data. Here, we test whether the direction of movement of membrane organelles in vivo can be controlled by the tug‐of‐war between opposing MT motors alone, by attaching a large number of kinesin‐1 motors to organelles transported by dynein to minus‐ends of MTs. We find that recruitment of kinesin significantly reduces the length and velocity of minus‐end‐directed dynein‐dependent MT runs, leading to a reversal of the overall direction of dynein‐driven organelles in vivo. Therefore, in the absence of external regulators tug‐of‐war between opposing MT motors alone is sufficient to determine the directionality of MT transport in vivo. ![image](https://wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/93b8a355-46cf-4281-8603-513fa3f11fea/tra12385-gra-0001.png) |
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Keywords: | dynein intracellular transport kinesin melanophore pigment granule |
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