葡萄属植物叶片显微和超微结构观察

利用光学显微镜和透射电镜,对葡萄属(Vitis L.)15种、1亚种和4栽培品种植物的叶片显微和超微结构进行了观察研究。结果显示:(1)东亚种群中桦叶葡萄的叶片总厚度和各组织厚度最大;北美种群的河岸葡萄和沙地葡葡叶片总厚度、上表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和下表皮厚度较大,但叶片组织紧密度最小。(2)各种类间栅栏组织中叶绿体数目均多于海绵组织,且刺葡萄、桦叶葡萄、葛藟葡萄和秋葡萄叶肉细胞中叶绿体数目最多,北红、蘡薁、网脉葡萄和菱叶葡萄叶片中叶绿体数目最少,巨峰和桦叶葡萄叶绿体中含有大量的淀粉粒,桦叶葡萄、网脉葡萄、秋葡萄、葛藟葡萄、刺葡萄和华东葡萄含有较多的嗜锇颗粒。研究表明,中国野生葡萄的许多种类在叶片组织紧密度、叶绿体数量、淀粉粒数量、嗜锇颗粒数量方面均高于北美种群的河岸葡萄和沙地葡萄,具有更高的结构抗性基础。

Observation on Microstructure and Ultrastructure of Leaves in Vitis L.

The microstructure and ultrastructure of 15 species,1 subspecies and 4 cultivars of Vitis L.were investigated using light microscope and transmission electron microscope.The results showed that(1):The leaf thickness,upper epidermis thickness,palisade tissue thickness,spongy tissue thickness,lower epidermis thickness of V.pestris and V.riparia were thicker than that of others,but the ratio of palisade tissue and leaf thickness(CTR) were the least,V.betulifolia had bigger structure of leaves in East Asian Vitis species.(2)The number of chloroplast in palisade tissue was more than that in spongy tissue.V.davidii,V.betulifolia,V.flexuosa and V.romanetii had more chloroplasts,while V.vinifera×V.amurensis ’Beihong’,V.sinocinerea,V.wilsonae and V.hancockii had the opposite.There were many starch grains in V.labrusca×V.vinifera ’Kyoho’,V.betulifolia and lots of plastoglobulis in V.betulifolia,V.wilsonae,V.romanetii,V.flexuosa,V.davidii and V.pseudoreticulata.It suggested many Chinese wild grapes had higher structure resistance than V.pestris and V.riparia in CTR,number of chloroplast,starch grains and plastoglobulis.