CRISPR/Cas基因组编辑技术在乳酸菌中的应用及研究展望

乳酸菌是一类重要的食品工业微生物,目前对其功能基因鉴定和挖掘优良功能基因主要依赖于传统的基因同源重组技术,该技术尽管有较高的可靠性,但是存在操作繁琐、效率低下等不足,严重制约了乳酸菌优良菌株的遗传选育。CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术极大提升了对多物种基因组的编辑效率,这为乳酸菌功能基因的快速鉴定及遗传改良提供了可能,但是现有的CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术在乳酸菌的应用还存在诸多限制。本文综述了CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术在乳酸菌基因组上的应用现状及亟待解决的问题,并展望了乳酸菌基因组编辑技术的未来发展趋势,为乳酸菌功能基因鉴定及遗传改良提供参考。

Perspectives and applications of CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing in lactic acid bacteria

Lactic acid bacteria are an important class of food industry microorganisms. At present, the identification and excavation of functional genes of lactic acid bacteria mainly rely on traditional gene homologous recombination technology. Although this technology has high reliability, there are complicated operations and low efficiency, which severely restrict the genetic selection of lactic acid bacteria. CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology has greatly improved the editing efficiency of multi-species genomes, which provides opportunities for rapid functional gene identification and genetic improvement of lactic acid bacteria. However, the application of existing CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology in lactic acid bacteria still has many limitations. This article summarizes the application status of CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology in the genome of lactic acid bacteria and the urgent problems to be solved, and prospects the future development of the lactic acid bacteria genome editing technology, providing references for the identification and genetic improvement of lactic acid bacteria.