濒危植物缙云黄芩茎叶发育过程的解剖学研究

应用石蜡切片法对濒危植物缙云黄芩茎和叶的发育过程进行解剖学观察,同时获取不同发育阶段的叶表皮,观察其微形态特征,为地方特有珍贵物种资源的保护和利用提供理论参考。结果表明:(1)缙云黄芩的茎尖生长锥呈半球状,由原套和原体构成,是发育的起点。(2)茎的发育经历原分生组织、初生生长、次生生长,木质化程度加深,表面腺毛消失,非腺毛数量增加,最终形成成熟茎的结构。(3)叶源于叶原基,之后分化出原表皮、基本分生组织、原形成层,最终形成成熟的叶肉和叶脉;叶片成熟时栅栏组织占比大大缩减,叶片内腔隙极大;叶柄中央维管束与叶片主脉结构相似,突起处的维管束简化。(4)缙云黄芩的叶表皮气孔指数变化幅度较小,整体略有降低,气孔密度则先骤降后缓慢降低,腺毛逐渐消失,非腺毛逐渐增加。

Anatomical Study of Stem and Leaf Development of Scutellaria tsinyunensis

We applied an anatomical observation of the development of stem and leaf of the endangered plant Scutellaria tsinyunensis in the method of paraffin microtomy, obtained the leaf epidermis of various stages of development to observe micromorphological features at the same time, to achieve the purpose of providing a theoretical reference for the conservation and utilization of local unique precious species resources. Results showed that: (1) the hemispherical growth cone of S. tsinyunensis, consisted of the tunica and the corpus, was the starting point of development; (2) stem development experienced of the original meristem, primary growth, secondary growth, and ultimately the formation of mature stem structure, lignification increased, the surface glandular hair loss, non glandular hair increased; (3) leaves came from promeristem, then procuticle, ground meristem and procambium differentiated, finally mature mesophyll and veins formed. When leaves matured, the fence organization proportion was greatly reduced, and the leaf space was very large. Petiole central vascular bundle was similar to the main vein structure of the blade, and the vascular bundle at the protrusion was simplified. (4) The stomatal index of S. tsinyunensis was smaller but overall lower slightly. The stomatal density decreased firstly and then decreased gradually, and the glandular hair gradually disappeared and the non glandular hair gradually increased.