Introduction of asymbiotically propagated seedlings of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cephalanthera falcata</Emphasis> (Orchidaceae) into natural habitat and investigation of colonized mycorrhizal fungi |
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Authors: | Masahide Yamato Koji Iwase |
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Institution: | (1) Biological Environment Institute, Research and Development Department, The General Environmental Technos Co., Ltd., 8-4 Ujimatafuri, Uji, Kyoto 611-0021, Japan;(2) Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyamachominami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan |
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Abstract: | Asymbiotic seedling propagation and introduction of seedlings into a natural habitat were achieved for Cephalanthera falcata. For immature seeds collected 65 days after pollination, high germination rate (av. 50%) was achieved on Hyponex agar medium
plates. Root development occurred in about 10% of the protocorms 5 months after seed sowing. Rooted protocorms were transferred
to a culture bottle containing 100 ml of the Hyponex agar medium and incubated continually. In about 30% of the transferred
individuals, shoot height reached 1.5–2 cm 8 months after the transfer. After acclimatization in wet vermiculite at 4°C for
6 months, 135 individuals were planted in a natural stand of C. falcata in mid February 2001. Shoot appearance rate was 44.4% at the first year and flowering was noted in some plants. At the fifth
year, shoots with an average height of 21.6 cm still appeared in four plants, and flowering was noted in three of them. Colonization
of mycorrhizal fungi was examined in two of them as well as one wild plant, in which the mycorrhizal fungi were identified
to be in Thelephoraceae or Russulaceae. These fungi are known to form ectomycorrhiza with trees, and thus a tripartnership
symbiosis consisting of C. falcata, mycorrhizal fungi and trees was suggested. The involvement of ectomycorrhizal fungi might be the reason for the low survival
rate in the field experiment, because the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi relevant to this orchid is assumed to be uneven.
The possibility of introducing artificially propagated orchids into natural habitats was discussed. |
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Keywords: | Cephalanthera falcata Hyponex agar medium Mycorrhizal fungus Russulaceae Thelephoraceae |
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