星形胶质细胞糖代谢对神经元的支持及保护作用

脑组织有着极其复杂的功能，这些功能的完成有赖于神经元细胞与胶质细胞之间的广泛合作。星形胶质细胞作为人脑内数量最多的细胞，其与神经元细胞之间的相互作用就显得十分重要。葡萄糖代谢途径包括糖酵解，有氧氧化及磷酸戊糖三条途径。其为脑组织维持其正常功能的前提。研究表明星形胶质细胞和神经元在糖代谢方面有着各自的特点，神经元在能量底物及抗氧化应激中对星形胶质细胞糖代谢途径存在一定的依赖性，干扰星形胶质细胞与神经元之间的代谢过程会导致疾病的发生。本综述主要从糖酵解及磷酸戊糖两条糖代谢途径阐述了星形胶质细胞与神经元的关系。这或许会对研究脑的代谢，脑疾病中神经元的损伤机制及如何保护神经元提供全新的视角，并可能为一些疾病的治疗开辟了新的途径。

Glucose Metabolism of Astrocytes Support and Protect Neurons

The activity of the brain depends on glucose metabolism and the extensive cooperation between neurons and astrocytes. As the largest number of cells in the brain, astrocytes play a significant role in the cooperation. Three pathways are involved in this metabolism, which are glycolysis, aerobic oxidation and pentose phosphate pathway. Studies have shown that glucose metabolism in cells of astrocyte and neuron has its own characteristics, respectively. Astrocytes attribute to neuron in terms of energy metabolism and anti-9xidatiye stress. The interactions of neuron..astrocyte metabolism are illustrated by a large body of evidence indicating that the disturbance in these processes contribute to neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on the the metabolic interactions between neurons and astrocytes, with a particular emphasis on glycolysis and pentose phosphate metabolic pathways. This study may provide a new perspective of research of cerebral metabolism, the mechanism of neuronopathies in the brain diseases and the methods which are used to protect the neurons, and develop a novel therapeutic avenue to some diseases.