Maternal Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level in the First Trimester and Sex Ratio at Birth |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People''s Republic of China;2. Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People''s Republic of China;3. Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children''s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People''s Republic of China;4. Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People''s Republic of China;5. Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People''s Republic of China.;1. Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka 565-8565, Japan;2. Laboratory for Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan;3. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;4. Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;5. Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka 565-8565, Japan;6. Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama University, Saitama 350-8550, Japan;7. Wakinosawa Clinic, Wakinosawa, Mutsu 039-5331, Japan;8. Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara 631-8505, Japan;9. MI Clinic, Toyonaka, Osaka 565-0004, Japan;10. Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan;11. Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori 030-8553, Japan;12. Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Ootake 739-0696, Japan;13. Department of Pediatrics, Takarazuka City Hospital, Takarazuka 665-0827, Japan;14. Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka 565-8565, Japan;15. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka 818-8502, Japan;p. Director General of the Hospital, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka 565-8565, Japan;1. Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama;2. Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism) and the Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.;2. Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People''s Republic of China;3. Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian, China. |
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| Abstract: | Objective: Few studies have explored the influence of thyroid status on sex ratio at birth, and conclusions are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level in first trimester and sex ratio at birth.Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort study performed at a tertiary care center. From March 2014 to February 2017, a total of 4,822 women who had thyroid function testing during the first trimester were included. Study population was divided into five groups according to quintile of TSH level (≤0.60 mIU/L; 0.61 to 1.02 mIU/L; 1.03 to 1.44 mIU/L; 1.45 to 2.13 mIU/L; and ≥2.14 mIU/L). Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the percentage of male infants across the quintiles, with the lowest quintile as the reference category.Results: Median level of TSH was 1.27 mIU/L in women who delivered a boy, which was significantly higher than that in women who delivered a girl (1.15 mIU/L). After adjusting for age, gravidity, and parity, multivariate logistic analysis found that women in quintiles 3, 4, and 5 all showed significantly higher ORs for delivering a boy than those in quintile 1. In addition, after adjusting for age, gravidity, and parity, serum TSH was significantly associated with likelihood of having a boy (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.13).Conclusion: Maternal TSH level in the first trimester is positively associated with the probability of delivering a male newborn.Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; FT3 = free triiodothyronine; FT4 = free thyroxine; OR = odd ratio; SRB = sex ratio at birth; TBG = thyroxin-binding globulin; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone |
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