合成生物学方法构建电活性大肠杆菌

电活性微生物具有独特的在细胞内外环境之间传递电子的能力。在对天然电活性微生物电子传递机制充分研究的基础上，通过合成生物学方法异源构建天然电活性微生物电子传递结构基础也可以将遗传背景清晰的非电活性大肠杆菌改造为电活性微生物。构建获得的工程化电活性大肠杆菌可以直接应用于微生物燃料电池和生物传感器等领域，同时也可以作为底盘细胞整合相应的目标产物合成通路实现电能驱动的生物合成。本文以合成生物学方法构建电活性大肠杆菌为主题，详细阐述天然电活性微生物电子传递的机理及结构基础，总结了工程化电活性大肠杆菌的构建策略、成功案例以及应用领域，并对合成生物学方法构建电活性大肠杆菌未来的研究方向进行了展望。

Synthetic biology methods for constructing electroactive Escherichia coli

Electroactive microorganisms have the unique ability to transfer electrons between intracellular and extracellular environments. Based on a thorough study of the electron transfer mechanism of natural electroactive microorganisms, the structural basis of electron transfer in natural electroactive microorganisms can also be heterologously constructed by synthetic biology methods, which can transform non-electroactive Escherichia coli with clear genetic background into electroactive microorganisms. The engineered electroactive E. coli obtained can be directly applied to fields such as microbial fuel cells, biosensors, and be used as a chassis cell to integrate the corresponding target product synthesis pathway to achieve electric-driven biosynthesis. This review article focuses on the construction of electroactive E. coli by synthetic biology methods, elaborates on the mechanism and structural basis of electron transfer in natural electroactive microorganisms, summarizes the construction strategy, successful cases, and application fields of engineered electroactive E. coli, and looks forward to the future research direction of constructing electroactive E. coli by synthetic biology methods.