人类扰动对重金属元素的生物地球化学过程的影响与修复研究进展

重金属元素在自然界中主要分布于岩石和土壤当中,通过生物地球化学循环进入其他圈层。工业革命以后,矿物开采、冶炼、农业等传统人类活动和电子产业、交通运输等现代人类活动的不断发展,增加了岩层中重金属元素进入环境的总量,还改变了它们在不同环境介质中的迁移速率、方向、形态和生物毒性,进而增加危害人类健康的风险。只有充分了解人类扰动下重金属元素生物地球化学循环的新过程和新特征,才能抓住关键环节并且科学地建立高效可行的重金属污染修复方法与技术。总结了人类扰动及其引起的一系列环境变化对几种关键重金属元素生物地球化学循环的影响,综述分析表明由于人类扰动增加重金属源头释放并加速其在水中迁移速率,日后的修复工作应该着重于矿山、电子垃圾场等特殊区域的修复和监管并利用多种修复方式联用遏制重金属在水体中的快速迁移,这为重金属污染修复技术的研究提供导向和依据。

Advances in research on the effects of human disturbance on biogeochemical processes of heavy metals and remediation

Heavy metals are mainly distributed in rocks and soils in nature, and transfer to other environments through biogeochemical cycles. The continuous development of the traditional and modern human activities not only increases the total amount of heavy metals entering environment, but also changes the migration rate and direction, form and biological toxicity, thus increasing the risk of human health. In order to establish the efficient and feasible remediation of heavy metal pollution, the new process and characteristics of biogeochemical cycle under human disturbances should be fully understood. Therefore, this paper summarized the impacts of human disturbances and a series of environmental changes on the biogeochemical cycle of several key heavy metal elements, and the conclusion was that human disturbances increased the release of the heavy metals and accelerated their migration rates in the water. So the remediation should focus on the restoration and supervision of special areas, such as metal mines and electronic waste dumps, and a variety of remediation methods might be used to prevent the rapid migration of heavy metals in the water, which provide the basis for the research of heavy metal pollution remediation methods.