“三江并流”区游憩文化生态系统服务评价研究

游憩是一项重要的文化生态系统服务类型。以"三江并流"区为研究区,选择景观多样性、自然度、河流湖泊元素、景点等级、可达性和服务设施等6项指标,从游憩潜力和游憩机会两方面进行评估,得到该地区现有和潜在的游憩文化生态系统服务量,并划分为5个等级。结果表明:游憩潜力与机会共同影响游憩服务量,"三江并流"区游憩潜力与机会在空间分布上并不匹配,游憩潜力较高的地区占17.09%,主要分布于怒江州、大理州、德钦县、丽江古城区及玉龙县的部分区域;10.06%的地区游憩机会极低,主要包括贡山县、德钦县以及香格里拉北部地区;具有高等级潜在游憩服务量的地区,集中分布于大理州、丽江古城区、玉龙县和香格里拉的部分地区,占研究总面积的17.64%。具有较高游憩潜力的景点,大多数现有服务量也比较高。服务量为4级以上的景点数量占44.68%,集中分布在大理州、玉龙县、香格里拉、德钦等地,与高等级潜在游憩服务量的地理分布十分相似,说明现有游憩服务的开发在一定程度上符合自然规律。

Assessment of the tourism and recreation cultural ecosystem services in Three Parallel Rivers Region

Tourism/recreation is an important category of cultural ecosystem services. Selecting Three Parallel Rivers Region as study area, this research assessed the existing and potential tourism/recreation ecosystem services from two aspects of the tourism/recreation potential and opportunity. The amounts of tourism/recreation ecosystem services were classified into five levels, and six indicators were used in the assessment, including landscape diversity, naturalness, rivers and lakes elements, scenic spots levels, accessibility and serving infrastructure. The results showed that both tourism/recreation potential and opportunity had significant impacts on the amounts of such ecosystem services. The spatial distributions between the tourism/recreation potential and opportunity were not well matched. The areas with high tourism/recreation potential accounted for 17.09% of the total study area, mostly being located in Nujiang prefecture, Dali prefecture, Deqin county, Lijiang ancient town and some areas of Yulong county. The areas with extremely low tourism/recreation opportunity were mainly distributed in Gongshan county, Deqin county and the northern region of Shangri-La, accounting for 10.06% of the study area. About 17.64% of the study area that had high levels of potential tourism/recreation ecosystem services were concentrated in Dali prefecture, Lijiang ancient town, Yulong county and some areas of Shangri-La. Most of the scenic spots with high tourism/recreation potential also had high amounts of existing ecosystem services. The scenic spots at the fourth and fifth service levels accounted for 44.68% of the total. They were concentrated in Dali prefecture, Yulong county, Shangri-La and Deqin county, and had a quite similar spatial pattern with the high levels of potential tourism/recreation ecosystem services. This indicated that the development of existing tourism/recreation services matched the natural conditions to some degree.