VA-mycorrhizae and mycorrhiza stimulating isoflavonoid compounds reduce plant herbicide injury |
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Authors: | J O Siqueira G R Safir M G Nair |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, 48824 East Lansing, MI, USA;(2) The Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 48824 East Lansing, MI, USA;(3) Present address: Escola Superior de Agricultura de Lavras-MG, CEP 37200, Brazil |
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Abstract: | Imazaquin, imazethapyr and pendimethalin showed high toxicity to sorghum plants grown in a greenhouse soil mix. However, mycorrhizal sorghum plants were less affected by herbicide toxicity than non-mycorrhizal ones, at low to moderate herbicide concentrations. VAM herbicide safening effects were more evident on imazaquin-treated plants, than for those treated with the other two herbicides. Applications of imazethapyr and pendimethalin at the two highest concentrations, but not imazaquin, reduced VAM colonization rates in sorghum. Applications of the VAM stimulating isoflavonoids, biochanin A and formononetin, at 5 ppm solutions to a field soil sample containing toxic levels of imazaquin (13 ppb) and indigenous VAM fungi, reduced herbicide-induced injury in corn and sorghum under growth chamber conditions. The benefits of isoflavonoids were reduced when additional propagules of Glomus intraradix were added into field-soil samples, and were eliminated when VAM fungi were inactivated by autoclaving. This indicates that herbicide safening effects of biochanin A, and formononetin are VAM-mediated and also suggests the potential use of these isoflavonoids as herbicide safeners. |
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Keywords: | dinitroanilines herbicide carryover herbicide safeners imidazolinones isoflavonoids mycorrhizal fungi |
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