生物固碳途径研究进展

生物固碳是地球碳循环过程的重要组成部分。自然界已经发现了六条天然生物固碳途径,但自然途径不仅能量利用效率低下,而且人工改造提升固碳效率难度大。随着合成生物学的发展,新的人工固碳途径不断涌现。相对于天然途径,人工固碳途径具有路线短、耗能少、原子经济性高等优点,有望在不久的将来能够替代天然固碳途径,实现固碳效率的大幅提高,是解决人类能源与环境问题的有效途径之一。主要总结了天然固碳途径和人工固碳途径的代谢原理和关键固碳酶的酶学特征,并对未来发展趋势进行展望。

Progress of Bbiological Carbon Sequestration

Improving the efficiency of biological carbon sequestration is one of the efficient ways to solve human energy and environmental problems. Six natural bio-carbon sequestration pathways have been discovered, however their efficiency of carbon fixation or energy transformation is not enough for industrial application and is hard to make it better. With the advance of synthetic biology, several artificial pathways for carbon sequestration had been designed. Comparing with the natural pathways, the designed pathways have the advantages of short route, low energy consumption and less crosstalk with natural central metabolisms. In the future it is possible to improve the efficiency of carbon sequestration by switching to the artificial pathways. This paper mainly summarizes the metabolic principles and enzyme catalytic characteristics of natural carbon fixation pathways and artificial carbon fixation pathways, and looks forward to future development trends.